DISTRIBUTOR-FIRST SUPPLY PARTNER · SINCE 1999 Live · Pneumatic Automation System
SPC Company
System · Pneumatic Automation Layer 4 · Actuation 8 product types

Cylinders

Eight cylinder types, one decision tree. Length of stroke, mounting style, load on the rod, and footprint constraint — those four answers pick the cylinder. SMC is the deep bench (C95, CQ2, CA2, MB, MY, NFPA tie-rod); AIGNEP is the ISO 15552 value play. This page walks the spec from "the machine needs to push something" to the right cylinder on the quote — plus the position sensor and rebuild kit that attach to every install.

The Cylinders family 8 types · Actuation

Tap any type to jump to its page. The Decision Guide further down asks three questions that funnel the spec to one of these.

01What this category is

A pneumatic cylinder converts plant air into a linear push-pull stroke — the most common single piece of motion hardware in the system.

What it is
Plant air into a linear push-pull stroke

The most common single piece of motion hardware in the system — push, pull, clamp, eject, lift, or feed in a straight line.

The decision
Stroke, mount, load, envelope — not brand

Four answers pick the cylinder family before brand enters the conversation. It's rarely about CFM and rarely about who makes it.

Rule of thumb
New build ISO, legacy drop-in NFPA

ISO 15552 interchanges across SMC and AIGNEP on new builds; NFPA tie-rod drops into existing Parker, Bimba, and Numatics machines.

Why it matters
The layer the machine is built around

This is where air finally becomes work. Spec it right and the cylinder disappears into the duty cycle for the next fifteen million strokes.

Watch out
Always attach the sensor and the kit

A position sensor closes the PLC loop on any controlled cycle, and a rebuild kit at 15-25% of new is the right answer 80% of "it failed" calls.

The bench
SMC deep, AIGNEP for value

SMC carries the C95, CQ2, CA2, MB, MY, and tie-rod platforms; AIGNEP is the ISO 15552 value play across the linear range.

02The 8 types · side-by-side

Best-for, key trade-off, capacity, price band, and how deep the brand bench runs.

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Distributor-facing reading. The trade-off column is the one that closes the loop — every type buys something and gives something up. Knowing what each type costs you is how the right one gets on the quote without a callback.

Product type
Best for
Key trade-off
Typical capacity
Price band
Brands SPC carries
ISO 15552 Standard European dimensional standard · interchangeable across makers
The default on new builds. OEM machine builders, European-spec equipment, any new install where dimensional interchangeability across brands is a future-proofing requirement. AIGNEP is the value-tier ISO bench; SMC C95 is the spec-tier option.
Not a drop-in for NFPA legacy Different bolt pattern, different rod-end dimensions, different mounting-foot footprint than NFPA tie-rod. Don't quote ISO 15552 as a replacement for an existing Parker or Bimba tie-rod cylinder — the mounting won't line up.
Bores 32–320 mm · strokes to 2,000+ mm
ISO 15552 dimensional standard
$ – $$
3 / 5 · AIGNEP value + SMC spec + YPC
NFPA Tie-Rod North American dimensional standard · drop-in for Parker / Bimba / Numatics
Replacement on existing North American machines. Retrofit on legacy installs where the machine was built around Parker 2A/2H, Bimba, or Numatics tie-rod cylinders. NFPA tie-rod dimensional standard means the new SMC drops into the existing mounting without bracket changes.
Heavier and longer than ISO 15552 Tie-rod construction adds footprint and weight versus the ISO profile-extruded body. On new builds with no legacy constraint, ISO is the lighter and shorter spec; NFPA wins only when drop-in interchangeability is the binding requirement.
Bores 1.5"–8" · strokes to 60"+
NFPA dimensional standard
$$ – $$$
1 / 5 · SMC only
Compact Short body · same bore · for tight-envelope work
When the machine has no room for a full-length cylinder. Pick-and-place stations, indexing tables, end-of-arm tooling, any jig where the cylinder has to fit in less envelope than a standard body allows. SMC CQ2 is the most-spec'd compact in the SMC catalog; YPC is the value option for high-volume OEM builds.
Limited stroke · limited side-load Trades stroke length and rod stiffness for envelope. If the application needs more than ~100 mm of stroke or any meaningful side-load on the rod, step up to ISO 15552 or heavy-duty cast — the compact body won't carry it.
Bores 12–100 mm · strokes typically < 100 mm
ISO-compatible mounting available
$ – $$
2 / 5 · SMC + YPC
Rodless Long stroke · short envelope · piston-internal design
Long stroke where envelope is the constraint. Material-handling slides, gantry pick-and-place, transfer lines, anything that needs 500 mm+ of travel without doubling the cylinder's installed length. SMC MY is the workhorse rodless platform.
Higher precision spec · narrower bench Magnetic-coupled and cable-style rodless designs need tighter alignment than rod-style cylinders and don't tolerate side-load as well. Premium pricing per stroke-inch versus a long ISO cylinder; only quote rodless when the envelope is genuinely the binding constraint.
Bores 16–80 mm · strokes 100–2,500 mm
magnetic-coupled · mechanical-coupled
$$ – $$$
1 / 5 · SMC only
Heavy-Duty Cast Cast body · high side-load tolerance · long-cycle duty
Press work, clamping, anywhere the rod takes side-load. Stamping presses, large clamps, hold-down jigs, any application where the rod-end load isn't purely axial. SMC CA2 is the platform — heavier body resists bending the rod under off-axis load that would destroy a tie-rod or compact cylinder.
Weight + cost Cast iron and ductile-iron bodies are heavier than tie-rod or ISO extruded designs and price 20-40% above an equivalent-bore ISO cylinder. Don't quote heavy-duty when an ISO 15552 will carry the load — the customer pays for capability they don't need.
Bores 40–200 mm · strokes to 1,500 mm
foot · flange · clevis mount
$$ – $$$
1 / 5 · SMC only
Non-Rotating Indexed rod · twin-bore or square-rod design
When the load can't be allowed to spin on the rod. Tool holders, fixture mounts, end effectors that need to maintain angular orientation through the stroke. SMC MB is the twin-bore platform that delivers ±0.05° of rotational tolerance through full stroke — what you spec when a standard round-rod cylinder would let the tool rotate under load.
Wider footprint · single-supplier Twin-bore design takes more lateral envelope than a round-rod cylinder of the same bore. SMC is effectively the only bench at SPC for this configuration — and the design is rarely a drop-in for any other maker's non-rotating standard.
Bores 16–63 mm · strokes to 300 mm
twin-bore · square-rod
$$
1 / 5 · SMC only
Rebuild Kit Seals + wear bands + rod scraper · OEM cross-reference
The right answer 80% of the time a cylinder "fails." Any cylinder leaking past the piston seal, weeping at the rod gland, or losing stroke speed — almost always a seal-pack problem, not a cylinder problem. SMC and AIGNEP kits cross to the original cylinder part number; 15-25% of new-cylinder cost gets another five years out of the install.
Labor + downtime to rebuild Rebuilding takes 30-90 minutes of millwright time and pulls the cylinder out of the machine. If the cylinder body or rod is scored, a rebuild kit won't fix it — quote the new cylinder. Always confirm bore size and rod diameter before quoting the kit; wrong-size seals destroy the cylinder on the first stroke.
Matched to OEM cylinder model
NBR · FKM · food-grade
$
2 / 5 · AIGNEP + SMC
Position Sensor Reed switch · solid-state · groove-mount
Closes the position-feedback loop to the PLC. Any cylinder feeding a PLC-controlled cycle that needs end-of-stroke confirmation, mid-stroke position, or interlock with downstream motion. SMC sensors mount in the cylinder groove and signal piston position via the magnetic ring built into every SMC cylinder body.
Brand-matched to the cylinder The sensor groove profile differs across makers — SMC sensors snap into SMC cylinders, not into AIGNEP or YPC. Match the sensor to the cylinder brand at spec time. Reed switches are cheaper but wear out on high-cycle duty; solid-state is the right spec above ~2 Hz cycling.
PNP / NPN / NO / NC variants
2-wire · 3-wire
$
1 / 5 · SMC only

Reading the brand bench column — the bar shows how many of SPC's tier slots (Industry Leader · Emerging · Economical · adjacent) carry an option at that product type. A deep bench means a price-driven and a spec-driven option both close cleanly; a narrow bench means the available brands map closely to the technical requirements and the comparison stops being a tier choice.

03Decision guide

3 questions “Funnel the Spec” to one product type.

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Draw a line from the customer's answer at the top to the type name at the bottom. This is the page distributors screenshot and send to a customer the day before a quote call — so the customer comes prepared with the answers, and the call is about the brand and the budget, not the basics.

Use this Download the PDF above, print it, drop it in an email to the end customer, or screenshot the tree below. The questions and the type recommendations are designed to stand on their own without the rest of the page.
START AT THE TOP  ·  FOLLOW THE PATH DOWN  ·  END ON THE PRODUCT TYPE
Question 1
What's the motion the cylinder has to deliver — stroke, mounting, and load?
Standard stroke · standard load · new build
Question 2a
Is dimensional interchangeability across brands a future requirement?
If Yes · OEM or European-spec
Recommend
ISO 15552 Standard Cylinder
AIGNEP for value-tier, SMC C95 for spec-tier. ISO 15552 dimensional standard means future replacement isn't locked to one supplier.
See product type →
If No · replacing Parker / Bimba / Numatics
Recommend
NFPA Tie-Rod Cylinder
SMC NFPA tie-rod is the drop-in for North American legacy machines. Mounting bolt pattern lines up with the existing bracket.
See product type →
Envelope is the constraint
Question 2b
Short stroke in a tight envelope, or long stroke in a short envelope?
If Short stroke · tight envelope
Recommend
Compact Cylinder
SMC CQ2 fits where a full-length cylinder won't. Spec for pick-and-place, indexing, end-of-arm tooling under ~100 mm stroke.
See product type →
If Long stroke · short installed length
Recommend
Rodless Cylinder
SMC MY packs 500-2,500 mm of travel into roughly half the installed length of an equivalent rod-style cylinder. Material-handling slides and gantry-style transfer.
See product type →
Special load condition
Question 2c
Side-load on the rod, or rotational restraint required?
If Side-load · press / clamp / hold-down
Recommend
Heavy-Duty Cast Cylinder
SMC CA2 resists rod bending under off-axis load that would destroy a tie-rod or compact body. Press work, large clamps, hold-down jigs.
See product type →
If Rod can't rotate under load
Recommend
Non-Rotating Cylinder
SMC MB twin-bore design holds ±0.05° rotational tolerance through full stroke. Tool holders, fixture mounts, oriented end-effectors.
See product type →

Two terminals on this page aren't on the main tree because they're attach-sales, not primary selections: position sensor attaches to any cylinder feeding a PLC-controlled cycle, and rebuild kit is the first thing to quote when a customer calls about a leaking cylinder (it's the right answer roughly 80% of the time — the other 20% is a scored bore or bent rod that needs a new cylinder). Both ride alongside every primary cylinder line item.

Spec the motion first — stroke, mount, load, envelope — and the cylinder family picks itself. Brand is the last decision, not the first.
SPC distributor playbook Cylinders · how to quote in one call
04Questions to ask the customer · before you quote

9 inputs determine the right cylinder.

Download PDF

If the customer answers most of these at the first call, the second call is the quote. If they can't answer any, the cylinders are rarely the only spec gap — flag it and push for a site walk.

01
What's the stroke length the machine cycle actually needs?
Stroke is the first sort. Under ~100 mm in tight envelope → compact. Standard stroke (100-600 mm) → ISO 15552 or NFPA tie-rod. 500-2,500 mm in a short installed length → rodless. Get the stroke before talking brand.
02
What bore size does the load require?
Bore + supply pressure = available force. Force = π × (bore/2)² × PSI × 0.9 for a typical rod cylinder. A 2" bore at 100 PSI gives ~280 lbf push; a 3" bore at the same pressure gives ~640 lbf. Don't undersize — friction and side-load eat 10-20% of the calculated force in real installs.
03
What's the mounting style the machine bracket is built for?
Foot mount, flange, clevis, trunnion, pivot — the bracket dictates the cylinder, not the other way around. If the customer is replacing an existing cylinder, photograph the mounting before quoting. Wrong mounting style is the #1 returns reason on cylinder orders.
04
Is there side-load on the rod, or pure axial push-pull?
Tie-rod and compact cylinders are built for axial loads only. Any meaningful side-load → heavy-duty cast (SMC CA2) or an external linear-bearing guide. Side-loading a standard cylinder bends the rod within months and the seal fails right after.
05
Does the rod need to maintain angular orientation through the stroke?
Standard round-rod cylinders allow free rotation of the rod under load — for most jobs that's fine. If the tool, jig, or end-effector can't be allowed to spin, spec a non-rotating cylinder (SMC MB) or add external anti-rotation hardware.
06
Is this cylinder going into a PLC-controlled cycle that needs position feedback?
If yes, every cylinder gets a position sensor (or two — end of retract + end of extend). SMC cylinders ship with a magnetic piston ring as standard; the sensor snaps into the body groove and wires direct to PLC input. Reed switch under 2 Hz; solid-state above 2 Hz.
07
Is this a new install, or a replacement on an existing North American machine?
Replacement on an existing Parker, Bimba, or Numatics installation defaults to NFPA tie-rod for drop-in dimensional match. New install with no legacy constraint → ISO 15552 (AIGNEP for value, SMC for spec). Don't quote ISO as a Parker replacement; the bolt pattern won't line up.
08
What's the cycle rate — strokes per minute under typical duty?
Cycle rate drives seal life and sensor selection. High-cycle duty (above 60 strokes/min) wants premium seal kits and solid-state position sensors, not reed switches. Quote a rebuild kit as a preventive spare on any cylinder cycling more than 30/min.
09
Is the cylinder in a washdown, food-contact, or chemically aggressive environment?
Standard NBR seals don't tolerate FDA-grade lubricants or aggressive washdown chemistry. Food-contact or harsh-environment installs need FKM or food-grade seal packs and often stainless rod plating. Spec the rebuild kit in matching seal material at the same time as the cylinder.
05Where this category lives

Actuation is where compressed air finally becomes machine work — the dense layer the rest of the system exists to feed. Everything upstream (air prep, distribution, control) is just preparation; this is where the air pushes, twists, and grips. Three motion modalities live here and each one needs a different family of hardware: cylinders deliver linear push-pull strokes, rotary and electric actuators deliver turning and precision-positioning motion, and vacuum end-effectors pick and place parts no gripper can touch. The Motion Control layer next door tunes and protects what these actuators do — metering their speed and catching them at end of stroke. Get the motion modality wrong and the machine cycle never works the way it was drawn; get it right and the cylinder, the actuator, and the suction cup disappear into the duty cycle and do their work for the next fifteen million strokes. This is the layer the customer's machine is actually built around — every other layer is there to make this one reliable.

Categories in this layer

Not sure which type? Send us the use case.

Tell us the end-use, the rough flow, and what climate the unit would sit in. We'll come back with a configured quote — the right type, the right tier, and the upstream gear the warranty assumes.